A 2026 scientific review explored the relationship between the endocannabinoid system, cannabinoids, the gut and skin microbiome, and melanoma. Researchers noted that although targeted therapies and immunotherapies have improved melanoma treatment, treatment resistance and adverse effects remain significant challenges. Preclinical research suggests that cannabinoids may influence cancer cells and immune activity, prompting interest in compounds such as cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) as potential areas for further investigation.

The review also examined how the microbiome may influence responses to immunotherapy in people with metastatic melanoma and how cannabinoids could interact with these biological systems. The endocannabinoid system plays roles in normal and diseased skin, while emerging research suggests connections among cannabinoids, microbial communities, inflammation, immune function, and cancer. These relationships may eventually help researchers better understand why individuals respond differently to melanoma treatments.

The authors emphasize that much of the evidence supporting cannabinoids as anticancer agents remains preclinical, so cannabinoids should not be considered established treatments for melanoma. Further clinical research is needed to determine their safety, effectiveness, and potential role alongside conventional cancer therapies. However, the review highlights CBD, CBG, the endocannabinoid system, and the microbiome as promising areas for continued research into complementary approaches to melanoma treatment.

Source: Javid FA, Golčić M, Harej Hrkać A, Belančić A. The Relationship Between (Endo)cannabinoids, the Microbiome and Melanoma. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives. 2026;14(4). PMID: 42538621. DOI: 10.1002/prp2.70304. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42538621/